Investigation of the effects of thermal annealing on the structural, morphological and optical properties of nanostructured Mn doped ZnO thin films

The control of the optical properties ZnO nanostructured thin films by using different dopant elements paves way for development potential materials photonic and optoelectronic applications. In this work manganese (Mn) doped were fabricated rapid thermal evaporation method on a glass substrate having same Mn content level ~10% annealed at temperatures. XRD analysis showed that layers have hexagonal wurtzite structure, however, unannealed only Zn peaks without any preferential direction. elemental has been investigated XPS, which revealed presence oxygen atoms all layers. addition, it was observed FIB-SEM morphology changed with annealing temperature. For an anneal 500 °C nanoneedles appeared. Raman spectroscopy E 1 (TO) mode in sample attributed formation structures. transmission range 75–77% bandgap varied from 3.97 to 3.72 eV. These variations are related structural morphological changes • effect physical investigated. MZO after crystallize phase. measurements also shown additional 467 cm ?1 associated apparition nanoneedles. constants n, ? thickness d successfully identified determined transmittance spectra PSO algorithm.